--- a/lib/lib.h	Fri Sep 06 12:18:46 2013 -0500
+++ b/lib/lib.h	Fri Sep 06 12:21:28 2013 -0500
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@
 int update_password(char *filename, char* username, char* encrypted);
 
 // cut helper functions
-unsigned long get_int_value(const char *numstr, unsigned lowrange, unsigned highrange);
+unsigned long get_int_value(const char *numstr, unsigned long lowrange, unsigned long highrange);
 
 // grep helper functions
 char  *astrcat (char *, char *);

--- a/lib/pending.c	Fri Sep 06 12:18:46 2013 -0500
+++ b/lib/pending.c	Fri Sep 06 12:21:28 2013 -0500
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 /*
  * used to get the interger value.
  */
-unsigned long get_int_value(const char *numstr, unsigned lowrange, unsigned highrange)
+unsigned long get_int_value(const char *numstr, unsigned long lowrange, unsigned long highrange)
 {
   unsigned long rvalue = 0;
   char *ptr;

--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/toys/pending/route.c	Fri Sep 06 12:21:28 2013 -0500
@@ -0,0 +1,499 @@
+/* route.c - Display routing table.
+ *
+ * Copyright 2012 Ranjan Kumar <ranjankumar.bth@gmail.com>
+ * Copyright 2013 Kyungwan Han <asura321@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * No Standard
+ *
+USE_ROUTE(NEWTOY(route, "?neA:", TOYFLAG_BIN))
+config ROUTE
+  bool "route"
+  default n
+  help
+    usage: route -neA inet{6} / [{add|del}]
+
+    Display/Edit kernel routing tables.
+
+    -n  Don't resolve names
+    -e  Display other/more information
+    -A  inet{6} Select Address Family
+*/
+
+#define FOR_route
+#include "toys.h"
+#include "toynet.h"
+#include <net/route.h>
+#include <sys/param.h>
+
+GLOBALS(
+  char *family;
+)
+
+#define DEFAULT_PREFIXLEN 128
+#define INVALID_ADDR 0xffffffffUL
+#define IPV6_ADDR_LEN 40 //32 + 7 (':') + 1 ('\0')
+
+#define TEST_ARGV(argv) if (!*argv) show_route_help()
+
+struct _arglist {
+  char *arg;
+  int action;
+};
+
+static struct _arglist arglist1[] = {
+  { "add", 1 }, { "del", 2 },
+  { "delete", 2 }, { NULL, 0 }
+};
+
+static struct _arglist arglist2[] = {
+  { "-net", 1 }, { "-host", 2 },
+  { NULL, 0 }
+};
+
+// display help info and exit.
+static void show_route_help(void)
+{
+  toys.exithelp = 1;
+  error_exit("Invalid Argument");
+}
+
+// to get the host name from the given ip.
+static int get_hostname(char *ipstr, struct sockaddr_in *sockin)
+{
+  struct hostent *host;
+
+  sockin->sin_family = AF_INET;
+  sockin->sin_port = 0;
+
+  if (!strcmp(ipstr, "default")) {
+    sockin->sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  if (inet_aton(ipstr, &sockin->sin_addr)) return 0;
+  if (!(host = gethostbyname(ipstr))) return -1;
+  memcpy(&sockin->sin_addr, host->h_addr_list[0], sizeof(struct in_addr));
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// used to extract the address info from the given ip.
+static int get_addrinfo(char *ip, struct sockaddr_in6 *sock_in6)
+{
+  struct addrinfo hints, *result;
+  int status = 0;
+
+  memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
+  hints.ai_family = AF_INET6;
+  if ((status = getaddrinfo(ip, NULL, &hints, &result))) {
+    perror_msg("getaddrinfo: %s", gai_strerror(status));
+    return -1;
+  }
+  if (result) {
+    memcpy(sock_in6, result->ai_addr, sizeof(*sock_in6));
+    freeaddrinfo(result);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+//get the flag values for route command.
+static void get_flag_value(char *str, int flags)
+{
+  int i = 0;
+  static unsigned flagarray[] = {
+    RTF_GATEWAY, RTF_HOST, RTF_REINSTATE, RTF_DYNAMIC,
+    RTF_MODIFIED, RTF_DEFAULT, RTF_ADDRCONF, RTF_CACHE
+  };
+
+  *str++ = 'U';
+  while ((*str = "GHRDMDAC"[i]))
+    if (flags & flagarray[i++]) ++str;
+}
+
+// extract inet4 route info from /proc/net/route file and display it.
+static void display_routes(void)
+{
+  unsigned long dest, gate, mask;
+  int flags, ref, use, metric, mss, win, irtt, items;
+  char iface[64] = {0,}, flag_val[10]; //there are 9 flags "UGHRDMDAC" for route.
+
+  FILE *fp = xfopen("/proc/net/route", "r");
+
+  xprintf("Kernel IP routing table\n"
+      "Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags %s Iface\n",
+      (toys.optflags & FLAG_e)? "  MSS Window  irtt" : "Metric Ref    Use");
+
+  if (fscanf(fp, "%*[^\n]\n") < 0) perror_exit("fscanf"); //skip 1st line
+  while ((items = fscanf(fp, "%63s%lx%lx%X%d%d%d%lx%d%d%d\n", iface, &dest, 
+          &gate, &flags, &ref, &use, &metric, &mask, &mss, &win, &irtt)) == 11) {
+
+    char *destip = toybuf, *gateip = toybuf+32, *maskip = toybuf+64; //ip string 16
+    memset(flag_val, 0, 10);
+
+    if (!(flags & RTF_UP)) continue; //skip down interfaces.
+
+    if (!dest && !(toys.optflags & FLAG_n)) strcpy( destip, "default");
+    else if (!inet_ntop(AF_INET, &dest, destip, 32)) perror_exit("inet");
+
+    if (!gate && !(toys.optflags & FLAG_n)) strcpy( gateip, "*");
+    else if (!inet_ntop(AF_INET, &gate, gateip, 32)) perror_exit("inet");
+
+    if (!inet_ntop(AF_INET, &mask, maskip, 32)) perror_exit("inet");
+
+    //Get flag Values
+    get_flag_value(flag_val, (flags & (RTF_GATEWAY|RTF_HOST|RTF_REINSTATE
+            |RTF_DYNAMIC|RTF_MODIFIED)));
+    if (flags & RTF_REJECT) flag_val[0] = '!';
+    xprintf("%-15.15s %-15.15s %-16s%-6s", destip, gateip, maskip, flag_val);
+    if (toys.optflags & FLAG_e) xprintf("%5d %-5d %6d %s\n", mss, win, irtt, iface);
+    else xprintf("%-6d %-2d %7d %s\n", metric, ref, use, iface);
+  }
+
+  if (items > 0 && feof(fp)) perror_exit("fscanf %d", items);
+  fclose(fp);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * find the given parameter in list like add/del/net/host.
+ * and if match found return the appropriate action.
+ */
+static int get_action(char ***argv, struct _arglist *list)
+{
+  struct _arglist *alist;
+
+  if (!**argv) return 0;
+  for (alist = list; alist->arg; alist++) { //find the given parameter in list
+    if (!strcmp(**argv, alist->arg)) {
+      *argv += 1;
+      return alist->action;
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * get prefix len (if any) and remove the prefix from target ip.
+ * if no prefix then set netmask as default.
+ */
+static void is_prefix(char **tip, char **netmask, struct rtentry *rt)
+{
+  char *prefix = strchr(*tip, '/');
+  if (prefix) {
+    unsigned long plen;
+    plen = get_int_value(prefix + 1, 0, 32);
+    //used to verify the netmask and route conflict.
+    (((struct sockaddr_in *)&((rt)->rt_genmask))->sin_addr.s_addr)
+      = htonl( ~(INVALID_ADDR >> plen));
+    *prefix = '\0';
+    rt->rt_genmask.sa_family = AF_INET;
+  } else *netmask = "default"; //default netmask.
+}
+
+/*
+ * used to get the params like: metric, netmask, gw, mss, window, irtt, dev and their values.
+ * additionally set the flag values for reject, mod, dyn and reinstate.
+ */
+static void get_next_params(char **argv, struct rtentry *rt, char **netmask)
+{
+  while (*argv) {
+    //set the metric field in the routing table.
+    if (!strcmp(*argv, "metric")) {
+      argv++;
+      TEST_ARGV(argv);
+      rt->rt_metric = get_int_value(*argv, 0, ULONG_MAX) + 1;
+      argv++;
+    } else if (!strcmp(*argv, "netmask")) {
+      //when adding a network route, the netmask to be used.
+      struct sockaddr sock;
+      unsigned int addr_mask = (((struct sockaddr_in *)&((rt)->rt_genmask))->sin_addr.s_addr);
+      if (addr_mask) show_route_help();
+      argv++;
+      TEST_ARGV(argv);
+      *netmask = *argv;
+      if (get_hostname(*netmask, (struct sockaddr_in *) &sock) < 0)
+        perror_exit("resolving '%s'", *netmask);
+      rt->rt_genmask = sock;
+      argv++;
+    } else if (!strcmp(*argv, "gw")) { 
+      //route packets via a gateway.
+      if (!(rt->rt_flags & RTF_GATEWAY)) {
+        int ishost;
+        argv++;
+        TEST_ARGV(argv);
+        if ((ishost = get_hostname(*argv, (struct sockaddr_in *) &rt->rt_gateway)) == 0) {
+          rt->rt_flags |= RTF_GATEWAY;
+          argv++;
+        } else if (ishost < 0) perror_exit("resolving '%s'", *argv);
+        else perror_exit("gateway '%s' is a NETWORK", *argv);
+      } else show_route_help();
+    } else if (!strcmp(*argv, "mss")) {
+      //set the TCP Maximum Segment Size for connections over this route.
+      argv++;
+      TEST_ARGV(argv);
+      rt->rt_mss = get_int_value(*argv, 64, 32768); //MSS low and max
+      rt->rt_flags |= RTF_MSS;
+      argv++;
+    } else if (!strcmp(*argv, "window")) {
+      //set the TCP window size for connections over this route to W bytes.
+      argv++;
+      TEST_ARGV(argv);
+      rt->rt_window = get_int_value(*argv, 128, INT_MAX); //win low
+      rt->rt_flags |= RTF_WINDOW;
+      argv++;
+    } else if (!strcmp(*argv, "irtt")) {
+      long nclock_ticks = sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK); //number of clock ticks per second.
+      argv++;
+      TEST_ARGV(argv);
+      nclock_ticks /= 100;
+      rt->rt_irtt = strtoul(*argv, NULL, 10);
+      if (nclock_ticks > 0) rt->rt_irtt *= nclock_ticks;
+      rt->rt_flags |= 0x0100; //RTF_IRTT
+      argv++;
+    } else if (!strcmp(*argv, "dev")) {
+      argv++;
+      TEST_ARGV(argv);
+      if ((!rt->rt_dev)) rt->rt_dev = *argv;
+      argv++;
+    } else if (!strcmp(*argv, "reject")) {
+      rt->rt_flags |= RTF_REJECT;
+      argv++;
+    } else if (!strcmp(*argv, "mod")) {
+      rt->rt_flags |= RTF_MODIFIED;
+      argv++;
+    } else if (!strcmp(*argv, "dyn")) {
+      rt->rt_flags |= RTF_DYNAMIC;
+      argv++;
+    } else if (!strcmp(*argv, "reinstate")) {
+      rt->rt_flags |= RTF_REINSTATE;
+      argv++;
+    } else show_route_help();  //No match found; exit form the application.
+  }//end of while loop.
+
+  if (!rt->rt_dev && (rt->rt_flags & RTF_REJECT)) rt->rt_dev = (char *)"lo";
+}
+
+// verify the netmask and conflict in netmask and route address.
+static void verify_netmask(struct rtentry *rt, char *netmask)
+{
+  unsigned int addr_mask = (((struct sockaddr_in *)&((rt)->rt_genmask))->sin_addr.s_addr);
+  unsigned int router_addr = ~(unsigned int)(((struct sockaddr_in *)&((rt)->rt_dst))->sin_addr.s_addr);
+
+  if (addr_mask) {
+    addr_mask = ~ntohl(addr_mask);
+    if ((rt->rt_flags & RTF_HOST) && addr_mask != INVALID_ADDR)
+      perror_exit("conflicting netmask and host route");
+    if (addr_mask & (addr_mask + 1)) perror_exit("wrong netmask '%s'", netmask);
+    addr_mask = ((struct sockaddr_in *) &rt->rt_dst)->sin_addr.s_addr;
+    if (addr_mask & router_addr) perror_exit("conflicting netmask and route address");
+  }
+}
+
+// add/del a route.
+static void setroute(char **argv)
+{
+  struct rtentry rt;
+  char *netmask = NULL, *targetip;
+  int is_net_or_host = 0, sokfd, arg2_action;
+  int action = get_action(&argv, arglist1); //verify the arg for add/del.
+
+  if (!action || !*argv) show_route_help();
+
+  arg2_action = get_action(&argv, arglist2); //verify the arg for -net or -host
+  if (!*argv) show_route_help(); 
+
+  memset(&rt, 0, sizeof(struct rtentry));
+  targetip = *argv++;
+
+  is_prefix((char **)&targetip, (char **)&netmask, &rt);
+  if ((is_net_or_host = get_hostname(targetip, 
+          (struct sockaddr_in *) &rt.rt_dst)) < 0)
+    perror_exit("resolving '%s'", targetip);
+
+  if (arg2_action) is_net_or_host = arg2_action & 1;
+  rt.rt_flags = ((is_net_or_host) ? RTF_UP : (RTF_UP | RTF_HOST));
+
+  get_next_params(argv, &rt, (char **)&netmask);
+  verify_netmask(&rt, (char *)netmask);
+
+  if ((action == 1) && (rt.rt_flags & RTF_HOST))
+    (((struct sockaddr_in *)&((rt).rt_genmask))->sin_addr.s_addr) = INVALID_ADDR;
+
+  sokfd = xsocket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
+  if (action == 1) xioctl(sokfd, SIOCADDRT, &rt);
+  else xioctl(sokfd, SIOCDELRT, &rt);
+  xclose(sokfd);
+}
+
+/*
+ * get prefix len (if any) and remove the prefix from target ip.
+ * if no prefix then set default prefix len.
+ */
+static void is_prefix_inet6(char **tip, struct in6_rtmsg *rt)
+{
+  unsigned long plen;
+  char *prefix = strchr(*tip, '/');
+
+  if (prefix) {
+    *prefix = '\0';
+    plen = get_int_value(prefix + 1, 0, 128); //DEFAULT_PREFIXLEN);
+  } else plen = DEFAULT_PREFIXLEN;
+
+  rt->rtmsg_flags = (plen == DEFAULT_PREFIXLEN) ? (RTF_UP | RTF_HOST) : RTF_UP;
+  rt->rtmsg_dst_len = plen;
+}
+
+/*
+ * used to get the params like: metric, gw, dev and their values.
+ * additionally set the flag values for mod and dyn.
+ */
+static void get_next_params_inet6(char **argv, struct sockaddr_in6 *sock_in6, struct in6_rtmsg *rt, char **dev_name)
+{
+  while (*argv) {
+    if (!strcmp(*argv, "metric")) {
+      //set the metric field in the routing table.
+      argv++;
+      TEST_ARGV(argv);
+      rt->rtmsg_metric = get_int_value(*argv, 0, ULONG_MAX);
+      argv++;
+    } else if (!strcmp(*argv, "gw")) {
+      //route packets via a gateway.
+      if (!(rt->rtmsg_flags & RTF_GATEWAY)) {
+        argv++;
+        TEST_ARGV(argv);
+        if (!get_addrinfo(*argv, (struct sockaddr_in6 *) &sock_in6)) {
+          memcpy(&rt->rtmsg_gateway, sock_in6->sin6_addr.s6_addr, sizeof(struct in6_addr));
+          rt->rtmsg_flags |= RTF_GATEWAY;
+          argv++;
+        } else perror_exit("resolving '%s'", *argv);
+      } else show_route_help();
+    } else if (!strcmp(*argv, "dev")) {
+      argv++;
+      TEST_ARGV(argv);
+      if (!*dev_name) *dev_name = *argv;
+      argv++;
+    } else if (!strcmp(*argv, "mod")) {
+      rt->rtmsg_flags |= RTF_MODIFIED;
+      argv++;
+    } else if (!strcmp(*argv, "dyn")) {
+      rt->rtmsg_flags |= RTF_DYNAMIC;
+      argv++;
+    } else show_route_help();
+  }//end of while loop.
+}
+
+// add/del a route.
+static void setroute_inet6(char **argv)
+{
+  struct sockaddr_in6 sock_in6;
+  struct in6_rtmsg rt;
+  char *targetip;
+  int sockfd, action = get_action(&argv, arglist1);
+
+  if (!action || !*argv) show_route_help();
+  memset(&sock_in6, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6));
+  memset(&rt, 0, sizeof(struct in6_rtmsg));
+  targetip = *argv++;
+  if (*argv) {
+    unsigned long plen = 0;
+    char *dev_name = NULL;
+    if (!strcmp(targetip, "default")) {
+      rt.rtmsg_flags = RTF_UP;
+      rt.rtmsg_dst_len = plen;
+    } else {
+      is_prefix_inet6((char **)&targetip, &rt);
+      if (get_addrinfo(targetip, (struct sockaddr_in6 *) &sock_in6))
+        perror_exit("resolving '%s'", targetip);
+    }
+    rt.rtmsg_metric = 1; //default metric.
+    memcpy(&rt.rtmsg_dst, sock_in6.sin6_addr.s6_addr, sizeof(struct in6_addr));
+    get_next_params_inet6(argv, &sock_in6, &rt, (char **)&dev_name);
+
+    sockfd = xsocket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
+    if (dev_name) {
+      char ifre_buf[sizeof(struct ifreq)] = {0,};
+      struct ifreq *ifre = (struct ifreq*)ifre_buf;
+      strncpy(ifre->ifr_name, dev_name, IFNAMSIZ-1);
+      xioctl(sockfd, SIOGIFINDEX, ifre);
+      rt.rtmsg_ifindex = ifre->ifr_ifindex;
+    }          
+    if (action == 1) xioctl(sockfd, SIOCADDRT, &rt);
+    else xioctl(sockfd, SIOCDELRT, &rt);
+    xclose(sockfd);
+  } else show_route_help();
+}
+
+/*
+ * format the dest and src address in ipv6 format.
+ * e.g. 2002:6b6d:26c8:d:ea03:9aff:fe65:9d62
+ */
+static void ipv6_addr_formating(char *ptr, char *addr)
+{
+  int i = 0;
+  while (i <= IPV6_ADDR_LEN) {
+    if (!*ptr) {
+      if (i == IPV6_ADDR_LEN) {
+        addr[IPV6_ADDR_LEN - 1] = 0; //NULL terminating the ':' seperated address.
+        break;
+      }
+      error_exit("IPv6 ip format error");
+    }
+    addr[i++] = *ptr++;
+    if (!((i+1) % 5)) addr[i++] = ':'; //put ':' after 4th bit
+  }
+}
+
+static void display_routes6(void)
+{
+  char iface[16] = {0,}, ipv6_dest_addr[41]; 
+  char ipv6_src_addr[41], flag_val[10], buf2[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
+  int prefixlen, metric, use, refcount, flag, items = 0;
+  unsigned char buf[sizeof(struct in6_addr)];
+
+  FILE *fp = xfopen("/proc/net/ipv6_route", "r");
+
+  xprintf("Kernel IPv6 routing table\n"
+      "%-43s%-40s Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface\n", "Destination", "Next Hop");
+
+  while ((items = fscanf(fp, "%32s%x%*s%*x%32s%x%x%x%x%10s\n", ipv6_dest_addr+8,
+          &prefixlen, ipv6_src_addr+8, &metric, &use, &refcount, &flag, 
+          iface)) == 8) {
+
+    memset(flag_val, 0, 10);
+
+    if (!(flag & RTF_UP)) continue; //skip down interfaces.
+
+    //ipv6_dest_addr+8: as the values are filled from the 8th location of the array.
+    ipv6_addr_formating(ipv6_dest_addr+8, ipv6_dest_addr);
+    ipv6_addr_formating(ipv6_src_addr+8, ipv6_src_addr);
+
+    get_flag_value(flag_val, (flag & (RTF_GATEWAY|RTF_HOST|RTF_DEFAULT|
+            RTF_ADDRCONF|RTF_CACHE)));
+    if (inet_pton(AF_INET6, ipv6_dest_addr, buf) <= 0) perror_exit("inet");
+    if (inet_ntop(AF_INET6, buf, buf2, INET6_ADDRSTRLEN)) {
+      sprintf(toybuf, "%s/%d", buf2, prefixlen);
+    }
+
+    if (inet_pton(AF_INET6, ipv6_src_addr, buf) <= 0) perror_exit("inet");
+    if (inet_ntop(AF_INET6, buf, buf2, INET6_ADDRSTRLEN)) {
+      xprintf("%-43s %-39s %-5s %-6d %-4d %5d %-8s\n",
+          toybuf, buf2, flag_val, metric, refcount, use, iface);
+    }
+  }
+  if ((items > 0) && feof(fp)) perror_exit("fscanf");
+
+  fclose(fp);
+}
+
+void route_main(void)
+{
+  if (!(toys.optflags & FLAG_A)) TT.family = "inet";
+  if (!*toys.optargs) {
+    if (!strcmp(TT.family, "inet")) display_routes();
+    else if (!strcmp(TT.family, "inet6")) display_routes6();
+    else show_route_help();
+    return;
+  }//End of if statement.
+
+  if (!strcmp(TT.family, "inet6")) setroute_inet6(toys.optargs);
+  else setroute(toys.optargs);
+}